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Hip instability is a condition where the hip joint experiences an abnormal range of motion, potentially leading to dislocation or pain.
This condition arises when the structures that surround and support the hip joint, such as the ligaments, muscles, and the joint capsule, are unable to maintain the femoral head securely within the acetabulum, which is the socket of the hip joint.
The development of hip instability can be attributed to a variety of factors. These causes can be broadly categorised into congenital (present at birth), developmental, traumatic, and degenerative.
The symptoms of hip instability can vary widely depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Commonly reported symptoms include:
This is often the most noticeable symptom, which can range from a dull ache to sharp pain. It may be localised in the hip area or radiate to the groin, thigh, or buttocks.
Individuals may experience a sensation that the hip is about to give way, especially when standing, walking, or during certain movements.
There may be limitations in moving the hip joint, particularly in certain directions, due to pain or mechanical restrictions.
As a result of pain or instability, changes in walking patterns are common, which may manifest as limping or favouring the unaffected hip.
Some individuals might notice clicking or popping sounds or sensations in the hip joint during movement.
In some cases, especially after acute injury, the hip area may become swollen or tender to the touch.
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Diagnosing hip instability involves a comprehensive approach that includes a medical history review, physical examination, and imaging studies. The process typically includes:
This involves discussing symptoms, any previous hip problems or injuries, and activities that may contribute to hip pain or instability.
A doctor will perform a physical examination to assess hip mobility, strength, and alignment. Special tests may be conducted to evaluate the stability of the hip and to identify any specific areas of pain or discomfort.
In some cases, a doctor may use injections with an anaesthetic in the hip joint. Relief of pain following an injection can help confirm that the hip is the source of symptoms.
Non-surgical treatment options for hip instability focus on relieving pain, improving joint stability, and maintaining hip function. These treatments are often the first line of management, especially in cases where the instability is mild or moderate. Common non-surgical treatments include:
Surgical intervention may be considered for hip instability when non-surgical treatments have been ineffective, particularly in cases of severe instability or structural abnormalities. Common surgical options include:
MBBS (S’pore)
MRCS (Ireland)
MMed (Ortho)
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Dr Kau (许医生) is a Fellowship trained Orthopaedic Surgeon with a subspecialty interest in Hip and Knee surgery and has been in practice for more than 15 years.
He is experienced in trauma and fracture management, sports injuries, and joint replacement surgery.
While not all cases of hip instability can be prevented, especially those due to congenital conditions, the following measures can help reduce the risk:
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In some mild cases, especially in young children, hip instability can improve as the child grows and the hip joint develops. However, in most cases, especially in adults, hip instability requires medical intervention to prevent the worsening of symptoms and to ensure proper joint function.
Regular low-impact exercises that strengthen the muscles around the hip can help improve stability and reduce the risk of hip instability. However, exercises alone may not be sufficient to prevent instability in cases of structural abnormalities or significant ligament laxity.
The recovery time varies depending on the type of surgery and the individual’s overall health. It can range from a few weeks to several months. A tailored rehabilitation program is crucial for a successful recovery.
If left untreated, hip instability can lead to chronic pain, increased risk of hip dislocation, and the development of osteoarthritis in the hip joint. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to minimise these long-term effects.
Hip instability refers to a condition where the hip joint is more prone to dislocation or abnormal movement, whereas hip dysplasia is a specific structural deformity of the hip joint. While both conditions can lead to joint instability, hip dysplasia is a structural abnormality, whereas hip instability often results from functional issues in the supporting tissues.