Acromioclavicular Injuries

Acromioclavicular injuries involve the acromioclavicular joint, where the clavicle meets the acromion of the scapula, which is crucial for shoulder movement.

These injuries range from mild sprains to severe dislocations, classified into six grades based on the damage extent. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are essential for restoring function and preventing long-term complications.

Symptoms of acromioclavicular injuries vary depending on the injury’s grade, highlighting the range and intensity of discomfort and physical limitations experienced.

• Immediate pain at the top of the shoulder following trauma or fall, worsening with overhead movement or when carrying the arm across the body.
• Swelling and bruising around the joint area, often accompanied by a noticeable bump on the shoulder due to clavicle displacement.
• Limited shoulder movement makes it challenging to raise the arm or perform activities that require overhead motion.
• Weakened grip strength on the affected side, affecting the ability to grasp or carry objects.
• Severity of symptoms varies according to the injury grade, with higher grades showing more significant physical deformities and functional impairments.

Causes and risk factors of acromioclavicular injuries identify the conditions and activities that explain the onset or that increase the likelihood of sustaining shoulder joint damage.

• Direct impact
  Direct Impacts to the shoulder, such as from a fall directly onto the shoulder or outsrtetched hand, or a blow during contact sports, is a primary cause of AC injuries.
• Previous shoulder injuries
  These can predispose an individual to AC joint injuries by weakening the joint’s structural integrity.
• Age and physical condition
  Younger, active individuals are more likely to experience these injuries due to higher involvement in physical activities.

Non-surgical treatment is often effective for Grade I to III injuries, aiming to manage symptoms and promote healing while maintaining shoulder function.

• Rest and Ice: Initial management includes resting the injured shoulder and applying ice to reduce swelling and pain.
• Sling Support: Using a sling helps immobilize the shoulder, allowing the AC joint to heal and reducing discomfort.
• Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications can alleviate pain and swelling.
• Physical Therapy: After the acute phase, physical therapy focuses on restoring range of motion, strengthening shoulder muscles, and reducing the risk of future injuries.
• Modifications in Activities: Avoiding activities that exacerbate the injury until fully healed is crucial for recovery.

Prevention methods for acromioclavicular injuries focus on strategies to reduce the risk of shoulder joint damage through proper technique, conditioning, and protective measures.

• Strengthening Exercises
  Focus on shoulder and upper body strength to provide better support and stability to the AC joint.
• Proper Technique
  Ensuring correct form during sports and physical activities to minimize undue stress on the shoulder.
• Use of Protective Gear
  Wear appropriate protective equipment in contact sports to shield the shoulder from direct blows and falls.
• Ergonomic Adjustments
  Making changes to work and daily activity setups to avoid repetitive stress and awkward positions that could harm the shoulder.
• Warm-Up and Stretching
  Incorporating a routine of warm-up exercises and stretching before engaging in physical activity enhances flexibility and reduces the risk of injuries.